Introduction – Pipe
Rolls – Fines – Sources – Example – Glossary – Field
Systems – Mobility – Detailed
Entries – Surname Index
Headley Home Page – 1552 Survey
– Rent Roll of 1774 – Burials
from 1539 – Timeline for Headley –
Contact
Philip Brooks was born in Leicester in 1910 and first developed an interest in agriculture when his father, a well-known scientist, bought Holywell Farm, not far from the city. As a result, Philip went to agricultural college, but could not find permanent work because, at the time, farming was severely affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Consequently, he first worked in South Africa and later in Argentina where he was involved in clearing forest and managing orange plantations. He returned to Britain towards the middle of the Second World War and joined the RAF, remaining in the forces until virtually the end of the war.
After a brief return to Argentina, he came back to Britain and after working in several other places, came to Churt in 1950, taking a job as farm manager for Col. Rose at Old Kiln Farm. His interest in documentary history started as a result of examining deeds while purchasing parcels of land in Churt to expand Col. Rose's landholding. This led him to become involved on several archaeological excavations and on his retirement in 1974, having moved next door to the bungalow where he still lives, he devoted himself to the study of the history of Churt. In this, as in nearly everything else, he was helped greatly by his wife Mary, whom he had originally met at college and who sadly died a year ago [in 1999 – Philip himself died the following year in June 2000]
Initially, this interest led him to help with the work of the Domestic Buildings Research Group (Surrey) in recording the remarkable numbers of surviving Tudor buildings in the surrounding area. However, increasingly his attention was drawn to the documents preserved in the Hampshire Record Office in Winchester and in particular to the Winchester Pipe Rolls – the great medieval account rolls of the bishops of Winchester.
Philip mastered the intricacies of medieval Latin and over a number of years produced a series of articles on life in the medieval Hundred of Farnham. He became well known to a wide audience for the scope of his research and he opened the eyes of many people to the rich source of information to be found in the medieval and Tudor records. He is particularly authoritative on agricultural matters, as almost uniquely he has first-hand experience of clearing forest and of the use of traditional farming techniques. This knowledge has given Philip a remarkable insight into the world described by the medieval bishopric accounts – a world of ox plough teams, hand sown crops and a community whose very survival was entirely dependent on the produce of the land.
David Graham, April 2000
In the years after the war it became necessary to remove the banks and hedges that enclosed fields on a small farm in the Parish of Churt, once a tithing of the Manor of Farnham. I remarked at the time that I wished I knew who had made them. Twenty-five years later I went to the Surrey County Records Office at Kingston and looked at the Frensham Tithe Map. Eight years later it seems worthwhile to put into more permanent form some of the notes accumulated on hundreds of odd sheets of paper.
There is relatively little written work on the early local history of Farnham. The Victoria County History is comprehensive but limited in value by its squirearchical bias. Saxon Farnham, by Elfrida Manning, is useful, but in the light of recent and continuing archaeological work, it may soon need bringing up to date. Robo's Medieval Farnham is in a class of its own. As a pioneering work it has few rivals although, as the writer will show, it contains some errors. Only one who has been over the same ground can really appreciate the careful and accurate study its writing entailed. There is one possible criticism. Robo wrote of the matters that interested him. He did not attempt to write a history of Farnham. He wrote about some aspects of the history of Farnham. The same criticism could be made against the present writer. This is not a history – it is some of the material from which a history might be constructed, with occasional notes of explanation or interpretation. What it attempts to show is the enormous scope of the Pipe Roll material and how it can be extended from the purely documentary to work in the field. It may also demonstrate the extraordinary extension of local knowledge when documentary, map and field work can be carried out in equal proportions. No part is a study in isolation. The hedges are part of the farms and reflect the needs of crops and cattle. These in turn provide the information on land distribution, population and diet. Even the hedges and banks made on boundaries already ancient in the 13th Century provide tenuous links with Saxon and Roman. They too farmed some of the same fields, grew some of the same crops and left marks on the land as other farmers have done to this day.
By chance, instead of concentrating exclusively on Churt documents, I started to work through whole series relating to neighbouring districts. During the course of three winters, I covered Wishanger, Broxhead and Headley, the Ecclesiastical Court Rolls, Bishopric Estate Papers, Presentations, Enfranchisements of the Copyhold and many other miscellaneous documents. One of the most useful finds came from the Combe-Millar Papers. This was a translation of the Headley section of the Parliamentary Survey of 1552. It was made by (or for) Dr. Holmes, Rector of Headley, in the early 18th Century and used by Gatehouse when writing his notes on Headley fifty years later. I had already begun to look at the wills and inventories of the 16th and 17th Centuries. This survey and the fines in the latter part of this book made it possible to identify many of the farms to which the inventories applied. It was thus possible to show in some detail the change from post-medieval to modern farming, which had occurred on the Surrey-Hampshire border between 1550 A.D. and 1640 A.D.
Although this was a considerable step forward, it had not produced an answer to the original question – who made the banks and hedges?. From Robo's book and some translations in the Farnham Library, I knew of the existence of the Winchester Pipe Rolls, but they had always seemed far beyond the scope of an amateur. This book is the result of an attempt to decipher something of the history of this district from what is perhaps the most important series of manorial documents in the country.
The rolls are written in medieval latin. In the hundred years or so between 1244 and 1350, the native English language was changing with the addition of words of Norman French and latin derivation. This is reflected in the rolls. 'Capillanus' became 'Hattere' and the definite article included in the latin word was changed randomly to 'le', 'de', 'the' and 'atte', at the will of the scribe. I was therefore faced with a problem as an exact translation was impossible. The sheer bulk alone necessitated some form of personal shorthand. A normal fine could be condensed into something like:
3/4 Ric mol El. V camp Norfelde.
This gave all the information required. But in not a few cases, Elstead and Norfelde were spelled differently in the next, or even sometimes, in the same sentence.
This account of some of the problems of translation may seem laboured, but it is essential that anyone unfamiliar with the Pipe Rolls should not assume meanings in the fines which could not be obtained from the original. This has already happened with the translations from the rolls kept at the Farnham Library. The matter is unselected and in some cases when quoted in local histories, the extract has been taken to mean the exact opposite of the original. There is another class of words which sometimes caused difficulty. This consisted of those words containing combinations of the letters I, N, M, V, U, J, C, T. It is easy to confuse Coxbridge and Toteford when they are ill written and suspended, but the correct reading becomes clear when K is substituted for the C. A good example occurs in the translation of the Surrey Taxation account, 1332. One of the names in the Farnham list is translated as 'Chater'. The same name appeared in the rolls and was similarly translated until the context proved that it should be 'Thatcher' or 'Thacker' as it is still sometimes pronounced.
It would be silly to suggest or imply that the writer has made no mistakes but on the whole, the notes represent the original reasonably well. The amateur should use the matter with caution. The professional already knows the possibilities of confusion and can allow for them.
The information contained in the rolls is enormous and there is no full translation of any complete set of accounts for any one manor. As a result, it is often impossible to realise the significance of information until long after it has been passed by. Ideally, having read parts of all the rolls and books – something which few people have done – it would have been better to have scrapped everything and started again. As it is, although the notes have been read many times, even during the preparation for publication new facts and conjunctions have come to light. Some have been corrected, others will have to wait for an 'errata'. However, when all this is discounted and when allowances are, hopefully, made for the writer's lack of academic learning, what remains is probably the only complete list of the earliest manorial fines and assarts that has yet been published.
The Pipe Rolls are the financial accounts of the manors or estates belonging to the Bishopric of Winchester. They are unique for two reasons. The first is because the manors, some large, some small, range across southern England from Somerset to Southwark and from Oxfordshire to the Isle of Wight. The second is their antiquity and continuity.
The first roll covers the year Michaelmas 1208 to Michaelmas 1209. The last covers Michaelmas 1452 to Michaelmas 1453. Although some rolls are missing, post 1453 books, there are long periods with hardly a break. The subject matter, mostly in the greatest detail, covers everything that could arise on any great estate. The disposal of wrecks on the coast of the Isle of Wight, quarrels among tenants, crops and cropping, assarts of land, building work and salmon fisheries, down to the provision of partridges for the Bishop's dinner are but a few of the subjects of account.
The Manor of Farnham was one of the Bishopric's great manors and Farnham Castle became the seat of the Bishop.
This description of the Pipe Rolls is deliberately brief. The subject has already been written up at length by Robo in Medieval Farnham. This book is an extension of Robo's work and there is therefore no point in repeating what he has already done so well.
As a general rule long lists of names and dates are little more than historical detritus. Isolated names or the pedigrees of unnotable families are useless from the point of view of local history. As an example, one can take the first fine of the roll of 1247. The statement that Henry the Warrener paid a fine of 10/- for land hardly advances our knowledge of Farnham. However, if later fines and references show how Henry acquired land and passed it on to his heirs, we may possibly begin to know more of what was happening in the manor. There are some very important individual fines, but it is the cumulative knowledge from all of them which begins to yield something about our local history in the 13th and 14th Centuries. What follows are a few brief examples of the kind of information which the fines and notes can provide.
Robert Harding, who died at Plaster Hill in 1564, lived and farmed much as his medieval ancestors had done. The yields of his crops and the produce of his livestock can be calculated with great accuracy. Ninety years later, or even less, his grandsons were living in good two storey houses and growing arable crops almost unknown to him – and some of these descendants were no longer yeomen but poor tenant farmers. It only lacked the turnip to become the high farming system which lasted until the mid 20th Century.
… the Headley Enclosure gave the farm at Huntingford Bridge a plot on Beech Hill.
Parliamentary Survey 1552 – Hants Record Office
This survey of the lands and houses of the Bishop's tenants in Sutton is one of the most important local documents. The original book is written in latin and is not easy to read. A translation of the Headley section made in the 18th Century was found in the Combe-Millar papers (Froyle). Not only does it enable wills to be traced to particular farms, but it also gives names of farms which can be identified through the medieval fines.
Wheeler Papers – Originals in Hants. Record Office
Index, description of documents and commentary by Miss Wheeler (1921) in Farnham library. They relate to the Luff family who date back to the 15th Century (at least). They owned Smallbrook, Thursley; Hide and Greencross, Churt, post 1503, and other properties. Includes survey of Woolmer Forest in the 17th Century.
Farnham Museum Documents
Miscellaneous collection. Useful background information which has added value when it can be linked to medieval fines. Estate maps.
Headley Documents – Hants Record Office
Considerable collection. Broxhead material also filed under Headley. Notes made late 18th Century by Gatehouse comparing Headley at that date with Parliamentary Survey. Copy of customary of Sutton Manor. Indentures of Wishanger farms. Description of Broxhead Manor, 1439 (copy).
Headley Documents – Surrey History Centre, Woking
Additional material, mostly later than above. Early Parish Registers.
Broxhead – Hants Record Office
Documents for 15th and 16th. Centuries. Court Book 16th Century. Useful information on farm names.
Wishanger Documents
A good collection for this small estate (¼ Knight's Fee) from 13th Century (undated) to 19th Century. Descriptions of the manor and valuations. Indentures of Field House, Huntingfords and other properties outside the manor. Will of William Harding of Barford 1615. Includes Beale Manor and Dockenfield Manor documents. Estate maps.
Combe-Millar Documents – Hants Record Office
Also indexed under Froyle. Translation of Parliamentary Survey 1552. Papers concerning farms in Churt, Headley and Wishanger. Surveys of timber. Costs of building work. Will of Abraham Harding of Hearn, 1727. Grass meadows at Hams in Elstead. 18th-l9th Centuries.
Tithe Maps
These maps are very important local history sources. The maps and awards give size and name of fields and the names of owners and occupiers. They were drawn between 1835-1840. Headley Tithe Map is in Hants Record Office
The following example shows how late manorial admissions and other documents help to provide clues as to former owners of land. The fines also show when the land was first cleared. These fines should be used with care. There are nearly always gaps, which can be caused by missing rolls or sometimes because a man has been described by more than one name. Thus William Alleyn was also William the smith. The slight differences in the total acreage can usually be accounted for by a widow or other relative having a small piece of land during her lifetime. It then reverted to the main property.
1252 Richard of Bereford for 5½ acres of waste land (ppre.)
1257 Richard the Smith for 10¾ acres next to Bereford
1262 Richard the Smith for 2½ acres This is all land from the waste.
1296 Richard the Smith for a messuage and ½ virgate and 6 acres ppre.
1299 William the Smith for a messuage and 24 acres ppre. by surrender of William,
son of Richard
1313 Adam the Smith for a messuage and 15 acres ppre. by surrender of William
(also Barford Mill)
1344 Joan, daughter of Adam for a messuage and 3 furlongs (24acres)
1379 William the Smith for a messuage and 26 acres ppre. from Joan his mother
1427 Richard Figge for a messuage and 36 acres once of William Smith who had
no heirs
Bondland
– Land which owed boon work to the Lord. The boonwork was attached to the land,
not to the person of the tenant.
Bondman
– A tenant of the manor, 'bound' to the Lord's manor. He could not leave the
manor without the Lord's permission. He originally worked on the Lord's land
in lieu of paying rent. This was the boon work.
Copyholder
– It became the custom to give to the new tenant of land a copy of the entry
made in the Bishopric accounts when a fine was paid. He thus became known as
'holding a copy'.
Demesne
– The land which the Bishop farmed himself.
Escheat
– Forfeiture of land to the Lord.
Fine –
A payment made to the Lord on transference of title to land for any reason.
In effect, a registration fee.
Ppre = Purpresture
land – Land taken out of the Lord's waste. The real difference was that this
land was held without the penalty of work services. Encroached land is an English
equivalent
Assarted land
– Newly cleared land to which no bondwork was attached.
Relief
– This was paid to the Lord by tenants of the manor who were freemen. It was
the equivalent of the copyholder's fine.
Virgate
– 32 statute acres in Farnham Manor. About 40 acres in Sutton Manor.
NS
– The letters NS represent that 'none of the blood' appeared
at court to claim and pay fine for the property.
As stated in the introduction, the original question was 'who made the banks and fields?'. From the first it was realised that the field system was unusual. Once the maps were drawn it was obvious that not only was there evidence, but that this evidence was both explicit and extensive.
The usual medieval village lands consisted of two or three large open fields. Tenants of a manor would have had strips or plots in each field. Cropping and general management would have been arranged by custom on a community basis. This kind of field system existed in the adjoining lands of Bentley, Holybourne and Neatham. But in the whole of the Manor of Farnham and the neighbouring tithing of Headley, the lands appear always to have been in compact units.
It is generally considered that in the Middle Ages families rarely continued to live in the same place for much more than a hundred years. Dr. Yates has found this conclusion valid in the Petersfield district. To some extent this must depend on the size of the area surveyed. It can hardly indicate mobility when a family long settled in Churt moves to Headley or Frensham and continues there for another few hundred years.
Most of the families named in the early rolls continued until the Black Death. Many were supposed to have been wiped out by that plague. But though names disappeared from lists of virgates, they frequently reappeared as cottagers or landless labourers. The overwhelming impression created by reading hundreds of names of inhabitants of the Manor of Farnham, is their extraordinary continuity. It can only be a wild guess, but the writer is tempted to suggest that in the middle of the 19th Century, some 10% of the inhabitants came from families who had lived here through over six hundred years of recorded history. An even greater percentage had ancestors first documented in the late 15th or early 16th Century. One must allow for an influx of persons with similar names but no blood connection. But even with this qualification, it can hardly be coincidence that such names as Clere, Burgess, Martin, Sturt, Croucher, Garlik, Richman, Vanner and many others, tenants of the Manor in the 13th Century, were still here in the 19th and early 20th Centuries.
Introduction – Pipe Rolls – Fines
– Sources – Example – Glossary – Field
Systems – Mobility – Surname
Index
Headley Home Page – 1552 Survey
– Rent Roll of 1774 – Burials
from 1539 – Timeline for Headley –
Contact
NOTE: Headley was an outlying part of the Manor of Sutton. Philip Brooks extracted entries for Farnham Manor (including Churt, which was his prime interest) and those entries from Sutton Manor which he deduced to be for Headley (for the purpose of comparing Headley with Churt).
We show below his extracts for Headley only, except in a few cases where we
felt that entries from Farnham manor may be of interest to Headley research
– those entries are distinguished in the headings, for example: FINES (FARNHAM).
Be aware that some of the ‘Headley’ entries may actually be from other
parts of Sutton Manor.
Note: Entries in Green have been added to Brooks' work – Entries coloured Teal are Brooks' own notes.
|
1210 |
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INCREASES OF RENT |
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2/- |
Hugh de Putum - for land |
|
In the earlier rolls it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between fines for Headley and Sutton. Hugo was certainly at Headley. This name (or in the earliest rolls, where he probably lived) comes from the place now known by the name of Pitt Cottage, Headley. The name is a good example of the kind of difficulty one encounters. In these rolls the word always meant a well – so Hugo lived by the well. But we do not know when the name was first used for this site. An earlier meaning is a pit or grave. The site is adjacent to the present church, so it could quite easily have had the earlier meaning. |
|
|
2/- |
Widow of Philip the miller - for land |
|
13/4 |
William Palmer for the widow of Philip the miller - for the mill |
|
Philip's wife held the mill either in her own right or by virtue of her widowhood, i.e. for her life. William Palmer had to obtain the Lord of the Manor's permission to marry Philip's widow and pay a fine for her land and mill. |
|
|
12d |
Roger the fuller – This is not a fine for land but for quarrelling. It does however prove that there was a fulling mill in existence. |
|
12d |
Henry Covenant - for land |
|
12d |
Hugh Sewarde - for land |
|
1211 |
|
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Alwyn of Billeford, for licence (permission) to marry |
|
|
6/8 |
Herbert of Billeford for having the land of Selide |
|
Billeford [later Bilford or Billyford] was on the river at Headley Wood Farm [possibly where The Hanger meets Frensham Lane today] |
|
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1213 |
|
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FINES |
|
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Land by John the miller and Peter the miller. It is not certain if these were Headley or Sutton. |
|
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All the early rolls specifically refer to Stanford [Standford] or the Manor of Stanford. Headley as such is never mentioned. The tything of Headley appeared in the middle of this Century. |
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|
1217 |
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Purchasia de Stanford, no mention of Headley. |
|
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FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Simon - for land |
|
10/- |
Osbert de la frithe - for land |
|
6d |
Godwin - for land |
|
12d |
John of the long ford ('John de Langford') - for land |
|
12d |
Gilbert Bedell for permission to go out of the manor |
|
12d |
Herbert the smith - for land |
|
6d |
Roger of Graveset (Grayshott) - for land |
|
3/- |
William Cuvernat - for land |
|
1220 |
|
|
This is the first roll from which actual rents can be calculated. Sixpence per acre was the usual new rent at this time. In these calculations the perch was always ¼ acre. The word 'curtilage' usually denotes the yard (backyard) or immediate surroundings of a building. |
|
|
1224 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6d |
Alice of Linstede [Linstead] - for land |
|
3/6 |
William de Graves (Grayshott) - for land |
|
½ mark (6/8) Henry de felde (Field House, Wishanger) - for land |
|
|
6d |
Widow of Philip the miller (possibly Sutton) - for land |
|
2/- |
Widow of Reginald of Stanford - for land |
|
1226 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Mabel of the field to retain her land |
|
26/8 |
Matilda for a mill. This is possibly Headley corn mill |
|
1231 |
|
|
Robert de vac. (the cowherd) and Hugh de Puteo ought to plough, for their land (i.e. bondwork) 12 acres in winter and 12 acres in ----------- and have 2d in the winter and ----------- 2d ------------. |
|
|
G. de Caritarum and Stephen, huntsmen 'ad capiendo vulpes' (catching foxes), with 4 horses, 8 helpers, 17 greyhounds, 32 small hounds (leporarium and brachettus – basset type hounds?) for 3 weeks, by order of the Chancellor 48/-. |
|
|
Arrears of 33/9 ---------- missing ------------- from Robert de Durdon. |
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|
1232 |
|
|
FINES |
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|
6/8 |
John Bele for land west of Headley Mill (see 1552 Survey) |
|
6/8 |
William tentore. Of the many possible meanings for this word, cloth worker is preferred. Positive proof does not come until later rolls, but there is good reason to believe that there was a fulling mill at Stanford at this time |
|
10/- |
Geoffrey Modi - for land |
|
3/4 |
Richard of Linstead - for land |
|
Entries [at this period] do two things. They give an indication of what the landscape was like at the beginning of the 13th Century, and that clearing was taking place at this date. In later entries fines and new rents may sometimes regularise a position which had long existed. |
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1236 |
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The Manor of Stanford had default of rents. This, as is stated in other accounts, should be paid at Pitfold. There is a tything of Stanford, but nothing for Headley, nor was there anything in the proceeding rolls. |
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1244 |
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FINES |
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|
12d |
The fisher of Linsted - for land |
|
18d |
Widow Dolbowe - for land |
|
5/- |
William atte Pathe - for land |
|
1245 |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
12d |
John of Headley 2 acres |
|
14d |
Increase of rent from the men of Stanford |
|
2/- |
John of Hedlegh 'gersuma' 2 acres. |
|
'Gabulum' is used for the 'men of Stanford’. 'Gersuma' is used for John of Hedlegh. |
|
|
Fish from Frensham Pond sent to the Bishop's Palace at Sutton. |
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1246 |
|
|
Rent of Assize from Stanford (near Headley) |
|
|
Thurston of Billeford for an enquiry |
|
|
Nicholas of Sleyford [Sleaford] for an enquiry |
|
|
3/- |
Henry of Playstowe for land (Plaster Hill, Barford) |
|
2/- |
John of Langeford |
|
1247 |
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|
FINES |
|
|
John de Putte - for land |
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|
1248 |
|
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INCREASE OF RENT |
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|
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Richard Orde of Stanfod |
|
FINES |
|
|
3/- |
Henry ---------- for 'domus' and yard of Thomas the miller who had died, he shall pay 3/- this year and 18d in future |
|
5/- |
John of the field for Matilda and her land |
|
NOTE |
The field in this entry is preserved is the name of Field House at Wishanger, Headley. By this date names are difficult to follow. John may have been living at or about Field House or the name may be derived from an ancestor who had once lived there. Sometimes a second entry gives a clue which helps to solve this problem. |
|
1252 |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT (CHURT) |
|
|
15d |
William Crul for 2½ acres |
|
13½d |
Robert of Berefore [Barford] for 4½ acres |
|
4½d |
Richard of Bereford for 1½ acres |
|
15d |
Robert of Clere for 5 acres |
|
These last four entries refer to land in Churt. There seems to have been a 'colony' of smiths – not shoeing smiths but iron workers at Barford. The earliest settled land in Churt lay between Ridgeway and Stock Farm (SU 890385 to SU 875383). This was further extended westwards to Greencross at an early date. |
|
|
Richard of Clere exchanged a hide of land in Lavington, Sussex in 1174, for the hide of land which Edwin of Churt had held. This has been taken to be the present Hyde Farm (SU 883385). Until the Black Death 'atte Hide' referred to a district and not to a specific place. |
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|
As will be seen from further grants of land in later rolls, the land between the A287 and the Barford Stream was still waste. It was not finally cleared until the middle of the 14th Century. |
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Some of the Cleres died out or surrendered their lands at the time of the Black Death, but the name reappeared regularly until the end of the 19th Century. |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
6d |
Turstano the cobbler of Headley for 2 acres of ppre. which he holds from this year |
|
This name became Thurstan. The land called Thurstan's lay on the road from Headley Wood Farm to Lindford. This was formerly called Thurstan's Lane. For details see the Parliamentary Survey of Headley 1552 H.R.O. |
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NOTES |
Headley Mill – besides being the last of a very long line of corn mills on this site – is famous for being involved in a dispute with Adam de Gurdon (although a mill at Hawkley also claims this distinction). |
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In this account there is a note beginning 'Be it known Dolbogh used to pay annually ----------- Gurdon distrain him in the Court at Sutton as his bondman'. Unfortunately, the MS. is mutilated so we shall never know what happened to Dolbogh. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Richard of Hurne [Hearn] for seisin of his father's land from which John of the Hatch evicted Hugo de Dokesfeigham for waste of his wood |
|
6/8 |
Hugo of Linsted - for land |
|
2/- |
Peter Mody - for land |
|
12d |
John Bele (pro quondam divisa) for that division leading between his land and the land of John of the Brook |
|
This is an interesting entry. Bele land and Brook land (see Parliamentary Survey) lay on the west of the Parish. Usually a ditch was made for a boundary (the spoil creating a bank). The necessary field work has not been done to establish whether a bank was made or whether a piece of land was left which eventually became known as Brook Lane. |
|
|
NOTE |
Timber taken from Headley for construction of the mill at Sutton. |
|
1253 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Matilda of Bileford - for land |
|
12d |
John Langeford - for land |
|
4/- |
Nicholas son of the miller for Matilda of Bileford and her land |
|
1256 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
12d |
Henry of Hyndeflode for 2 acres ppre. in Stanford |
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Matilda widow of Richard of the Hill for her husband’s land |
|
5/- |
John of the Sepehouse for Alice widow of Richard Lynsted |
|
6d |
Henry of Hindeflode for 2 acres ppre. |
|
26/8 |
from the tenants for relaxation of the autumn work |
|
1257 |
|
|
At this time much – or most – of the Bishop's lands were being enclosed by ditches, banks and hedges. Hedges were specifically mentioned in many cases, 'cum spinae'. The important point to note is that these ditches, banks and hedges were made along boundaries which already existed. Some of them must have come into being many hundreds of years before new banks and hedges were made to reinforce them. It can thus be seen that hedge dating, particularly by species count may be irrelevant or misleading when studying land settlement. |
|
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
12d |
Henry Tawyere for the fulling mill he holds at Headley from which Walter at the Brook resigned |
|
4/- |
Henry Tawyere for the fulling mill |
|
2/- |
William ------------ for land |
|
1262 |
|
|
This roll contains the first reference to the salting house (for fish) at Frensham. It was repaired in this year. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
23/4 |
Nicholas of Hetleg - for land |
|
4/- |
John of Linstede - for land |
|
1264 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Robert atte Knowle - for land |
|
12d |
Gilbert atte hurne - for land |
|
12d |
" |
|
" |
|
|
1265 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William Eylof - for land |
|
3/- |
John the Miller - for land |
|
1267 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
Robert at the Knowle for land (Knowle – Headley Hill). |
|
|
NOTE |
Headley never appeared in the Sutton accounts before the mid 13th Century – only the manor of Stanford. The reason (now known) is that it belonged to Alton Westbrook. A small tongue of land remained to this manor until modern times. It comprised the farms of Moorhouse, Stream and Huntingford and southwards towards Hearn. Headley Church was a chapel of Alton Westbrook. The Sutton account for 1262 contained an entry concerning a payment by the men of Headley to the Church of Alton. |
|
1268 |
|
|
This is the first time in these accounts that the land is described by its rental value. It is more useful to the historian when the acreage of the land is also given. At a later period all the land was described by its rental value. Luckily, for a short period, both acreage and rental value are given together. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Matilda of the Hurne for land of her husband Ralph |
|
10/- |
Hugh the Smith son of Hugh the Smith for his father's land reserving to his father 2 acres during his lifetime |
|
This is the first entry which contains provision for a father or mother, and occasionally some other dependant. Later this is usual. It was obviously advantageous to all parties. It prevented a man hanging on to a farm when he could no longer attend to the work properly and allowed the son to raise a family and to continue to work his land to best advantage. There was often a clause that stated that if the son did not look after his parent adequately, he would lose the land. |
|
|
1270 |
|
|
4/- |
Richard son of Seman for Belota daughter of Robert of Clere and for 4 acres of ppre. at Churt. The family of Seman gave their name to Symmondstone on the Surrey-Hants border. Seman's Stone, which was taken away some time after 1950, marked a point on the boundary of the Manor of Wishanger, at one time held by a Seman. |
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Matilda ------------ Gilbert Kene for land from Alice, her mother |
|
4/- |
William de la Hurn for land which Robert at the Knowle resigned into the hands of the Lord |
|
12d |
Emma widow of William le Chapman for land |
|
1272 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
12d |
Alice of the Langeforde for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
William Mody for his father's land |
|
33/4 |
Robert Horlebat for his father's mill and land |
|
4/- |
Nicholas, son of Richard Hatte Prese for his father's land |
|
1274 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Peter of the Orde for Joan of Stanford and her land |
|
6/8 |
John le Fys (fish) for land conceded ------------- |
|
6/8 |
Robert Stechehose for his father's land |
|
3/4 |
Julia of Graveselate [Grayshott] for land conceded by her father |
|
3/4 |
Walter of Graveselate for the above Julia and her land |
|
12d |
Walter of Graveselate for 3 acres conceded by Walter of Graveselate |
|
3/- |
William Thurston for 2/- land conceded by Edith his mother |
|
1276 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Joan widow of Ernald de Putte for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
Alice daughter of Richard Trochard for her father's land |
|
6d |
Edith widow of Mody for her husband's land |
|
3/- |
Peter de Gavestate for Edith and her land |
|
4/- |
Heriot from the estate of Henry Playstowe |
|
NOTE |
Trochard's was north of the Land of Nod. It became Trachett's in the Parliamentary Survey. |
|
1277 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Matilda of Pleystowe for her father's land |
|
6/8 |
William son of Richard the Smith for Matilda and her land |
|
6/8 |
William son of John de la Broke for his father's land |
|
1282 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Cristina daughter of Thomas the miller for a cottage conceded by her father |
|
6/8 |
Herbert of Linstede for land recovered 'by enquiry' |
|
10/- |
Walton son of Margaret for land recovered by enquiry from Ralph of Heddley |
|
6/8 |
Alice widow of Stephen the smith for her husband's land |
|
1283 |
|
|
Recovery of land, William de Shirebrook. The shirebrook was the Barford stream. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Bereford for Edith widow of William le Webbe and her land |
|
6/8 |
Robert of Linstede for a furlong of land conceded by Alice Trochard |
|
In later accounts it was stated that the virgate in Farnham manor was 32 statute acres. In two cases in Sutton the virgate was stated to be 40 acres and 41 acres. The virgate was used repeatedly in the Sutton part of the manor (Ropley etc.) but never in Headley or Stanford. |
|
|
4/- |
Isabel daughter of Master Andrew for a meadow conceded by her father |
|
4/- |
William son of William of Linstede for his father's land |
|
16/- |
Peter Osbert for manumission to come into and go out of the manor without fine |
|
40/- |
Robert son of Lucy de la Becke for the same |
|
NOTE |
The very small plots of land recorded in previous rolls gave rise to a steady exchange of lands. Most of these transactions have been omitted from these notes. In many cases the names of the parties were not given. |
|
1284 |
|
|
4/- |
Nicholas at the felde for his father's land. John at the Brigg to be guardian (trustee) of the land of Nicholas at the felde and to be responsible for rent and services due to the Bishop |
|
1285 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
Richard Bele for his father's land |
|
10/- |
John Herbelet for the land of Herbert Dolbowe his father |
|
6/- |
Margaret daughter of Elof for the land of John her brother |
|
12d |
Selda de Grevette for licence to marry |
|
1286 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
6d |
Thomas Madge for 1 Daywork (sic) of land conceded by Nicholas Belystrong |
|
1287 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Emma widow of John atte Putte for her husband's land |
|
4/- |
Assehua daughter of William Sewald for a cottage from her mother |
|
12/- |
Emma widow of John the Smith for her husband's land |
|
10/- |
Thomas Kyng for a furlong conceded by Isabel Kene |
|
13/4 |
Henry atte Hatch for his father's land |
|
6/8 |
Richard atte Hurdelod (Hurland) for a cottage conceded by John Dolbogh |
|
£7.6.8d |
Robert de la Gavette for 1 furlong at Hetligh escheated because William of Gavetta had no heirs. This enormous fine – which was paid – must conceal something much more serious than the stated lack of heirs. |
|
1288 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
John of Gravesete [Grayshott] for 6d land conceded by Robert his brother |
|
13/4 |
William of Gravesete for 1 furlong from his brother |
|
12d |
Matilda Grym for 1 furlong from her husband |
|
13/4 |
Richard le Fyz for 1 furlong from Richard his father |
|
1289 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William Hardyng for Margaret daughter of Kene and 1 furlong of land in Headley |
|
6/8 |
Julia widow of Gilbert Kene for 1½ acres in Headley from her husband |
|
1290 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
|
William le Kene for 1½ furlongs of land from Gilbert his father |
|
1291 |
|
|
Livestock bought and sent from Wishanger to London. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
4/- |
Walter le Bruce for 1 furlong from William his father |
|
4/- |
Matilda widow of Richard Bele for 1 furlong from her husband Nicholas of Papenholte. Papenholte lay somewhat west of Cradle Lane. It occurred in the customary of the manor of Broxhead in 1439. |
|
1292 |
|
|
Wood brought from Wychangre (Wishanger) [to Farnham Castle?]. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
John atte felde for a furlong from William his father |
|
2/- |
Robert son of Richard Bele a furlong from his father |
|
2/- |
Agnes Mody for 1 furlong from William her father which was resigned by Peter of Graveschete |
|
4/8 |
Robert the miller for Agnes and her land |
|
10/6 |
William atte Herne for 1 furlong resigned by William Kene |
|
6/8 |
William de Ashurst for a furlong resigned by John le Machon |
|
1295 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Alice widow of Robert atte Church de Hedlye for 1 furlong of land from her husband |
|
6/8 |
John Somer for a furlong of land from Matilda his mother |
|
1296 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
William Mody for a messuage and a furlong from his father |
|
|
4/8 |
John Hardyng for ---------- messuage surrendered by ------------ |
|
4/- |
Cristina ate Felde for ½ furlong from William her husband |
|
12d |
Matilda ate Hurlond for ½ furlong from her husband |
|
1297 |
|
|
In fines [this year] the word perch, used to denote ¼ acre, has been displaced by 'rod' – rood in modern terminology. |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6d |
John de Lys (Liss) for a domus resigned by Agnes of Huntingford |
|
2/- |
Thomas Novyld for a furlong from Walter his father |
|
5/- |
Julia de Grevett for land from Robert her husband |
|
13/4 |
Stephen de Holeset for a furlong surrendered by John le Taillour |
|
13/4 |
Walter le Chapman for land surrendered by William of Linstede because of poverty |
|
6/8 |
William Hawe for a furlong resigned by Thurston of Linstede |
|
5/- |
Walter Covenat for a furlong resigned by William le Brokere |
|
1298 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
|
John of Lys a piece of land by the highway to enlarge his land, to be 12ft x 12ft |
|
FINE |
|
|
6/8 |
John Alleyn for a messuage and ½ virgate surrendered by William Curtis. Very rare use of virgate in Headley. |
|
Relief 'pro morte' – Prior of Selebourne [Selborne] for land at la Shchyte |
|
|
1299 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
William the Smith of Bereford for a messuage and 24 acres ppre. in Churt surrendered by William son of Richard. This is the land between Kitts Farm (Old Keets) and Hatch Farm (now Road Farm). Nearly all this land west of the A287 had been cleared and brought into cultivation during the preceding 60 years or so. |
|
NOTE |
Construction of a new Fyshwhychsh (fish trap) or 'engine' at the head of Frensham Pond. |
|
1300 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
John Thurstan for 3/- land from William his father |
|
4/- |
Greta la Newman for 5/- land from Walter le Chapman her husband |
|
12d |
Robert Stretchose for a messuage |
|
4/- |
William Hurn for a cotland surrendered by John his brother |
|
2/- |
Matilda widow of Richard of Bereford the smith for her husband's land |
|
6/8 |
John le Fich for --------- held by John Aleyn (?) |
|
1301 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard of Graveschate for his father's land surrendered by Julia his mother |
|
4/- |
Agnes atte Putte for her husband John's lands |
|
1302 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
2/- |
Edith widow of Robert of Lynstede for her husband's land |
|
6d |
Mabel widow of Brown -------- missing |
|
6/8 |
William atte Knowle for 1 rod surrendered by John atte Hulle |
|
1304 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
Cristina daughter of William Covenat for 8/- land from her father |
|
5/- |
John Seiward for Cristina |
|
1305 |
|
|
It is possible to see from the fines the decline in prosperity which began about the end of the 13th Century. Already there were a few defaults of rent and properties escheated. Where a very large fine was paid for escheated land it often meant that this was the penalty which enabled the tenant to regain his land. |
|
|
NOTE |
The tenants of Churt making hedges round the head (dam) of the large pond |
|
INCREASES OF RENT |
|
|
20d |
Nicholas of Ively [Eveley] for enlarging his mill pond at Headley on land which had belonged to John Gilbert, by 30 perches x 6 perches (160 yds x 32 yds) |
|
40/- |
Robert Asshert of Headley for 2/8 land which Cristina atte felde used to hold, which fell into the Lord’s hands |
|
1306 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
5/- |
Agnes de Graveschatte for a messuage and 2/- land from Richard her husband |
|
1307 |
|
|
INCREASE OF RENT |
|
|
1d |
Richard Browning for a plot next to his tenement containing ½ rod |
|
FINES |
|
|
12/- |
Stephen de Ashurst for a messuage and 3/- rent from his father Robert |
|
20/- |
Walter at the Brook 5/- (rent) for land called Beleland, by surrender of Walter of Wodeland |
|
12d |
Agnes widow of Robert le Couper de Graveschate [Grayshott] for 2/3 land from her husband, widowhood |
|
1308 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
6/8 |
WiIIiam of Midhurst for Agnes of Graveschate and her land |
|
2/- |
Alice widow of Richard Browning for a messuage and 15d land from her husband |
|
20/- |
John Hurlebat for a messuage and mill, 27/2 rent, from Agnes his mother. This is probably a forerunner of the present Headley corn mill. |
|
1309 |
|
|
FINE |
|
|
10/- |
Isabel de Wakenor for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by William at the Knowle. This shows that the myths surrounding the name of Waggoner's Wells have little foundation in fact. The name is obviously of considerable antiquity. |
|
1310 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Joan widow of Richard of Bereford for a messuage and 3/7 land from her husband |
|
10/- |
William son of Alexi of Eyeslegh (Eveley) for a messuage and 2/- land from Isabel de Wakenoure |
|
33/4 |
Robert son of William at the Knowle for a messuage and 3/ land from Agnes at the Putte. The Knowle was Headley Hill [= Headley High Street]. |
|
1312 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
10/- |
William the smith for Margaret of Lynstede and 4/- land |
|
6/8 |
John Brounyng for a cottage and 15d land from Alice his mother |
|
6/8 |
John le fisch for Joan widow of Richard of Bereford and 3/6 land |
|
6/8 |
Adam son of William atte Brok for 4/- land and to build a house before Michaelmas |
|
10/- |
William le fisch for a messuage ------- surrendered by his father |
|
12d |
Roger son of Nicholas of Evelee for land to enlarge his mill pond by 20 perches x 8ft from Nicholas his father |
|
1313 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
100/- |
John Thurston for Matilda of Bereford and a messuage and 6/8 land |
|
5/- |
William at the Broke for 5/- land from Adam his brother |
|
60/- |
Walter Stretchehose for a messuage and 2/- land once of William Bylemyn which fell into the Lord's hands because no fine was made |
|
NOTE |
Both in Sutton and Farnham small pieces of land from assarts of the previous century plus the adding together of small farms under one tenant, had made the land difficult to work. In this account, there were recorded large exchanges of land at Bishop's Sutton. |
|
1314 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard son of Richard at the Hulle [Hill?] for a messuage and 4/- land from his father |
|
6/8 |
Gunnota widow of William Lucas for a messuage and 6/- land from her husband |
|
10/- |
William Grym for a messuage and 4/- land from Matilda his mother |
|
20/- |
Ralph son of William Eylof for a messuage and 8/- land from his father |
|
10/- |
John son of Walter Langeford for a messuage and 3/10 land from his father |
|
10/- |
Agnes widow of Stephen de Graveshote for a messuage and 3/7 ppre. from her husband |
|
Plaster Hill Farm was called 'Luke's' on copyhold documents for many years. Eylof's land lay south of Barford Hatch between Barford Lane and Whitmore Vale Lane. 'Grimes' was applied to the house and land now called Barford Cottage and the fields adjoining. It is not certain if the above or their descendants gave their names to these places. |
|
|
1315 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William the Smith of Lynstede for a messuage and 2/- land surrendered by John Stiward and Alice his wife |
|
£4.0.0d |
Adam the Smith for a messuage and 8/- land surrendered by John Thurstan |
|
1316 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
William Mody for a messuage and 4/- land at Bereford from John Mody his father which his mother had during her widowhood |
|
20/- |
William Beanches for Cristina widow of Robert Hugh for a messuage and 5/- land in Lynsted |
|
13/4 |
John Dolbogh for a messuage and 4/- land in Lynsted from John his father |
|
13/4 |
Richard of Graveschate for a messuage and 10 acres in Graveschate from Stephen his father which Agnes his mother had in her widowhood |
|
13/4 |
John le Fiss for a messuage and 5/- land from John le Fiss his son |
|
NOTE |
During these years there began to be a significant number of lands which fell into the Lord's hands because there were no heirs, or no heirs appeared at court to pay the fines. In these cases, another tenant was elected by the homage to take over the property. |
|
1317 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
John atte Orde for a messuage and 4/- land from John his father |
|
10/- |
Matilda daughter of Robert le Grovare for a messuage and 2/6 land surrendered by Stephen atte Ashurst |
|
10/- |
Henry Dolbogh for a messuage and 8/- land in Graveschate surrendered by Richard of Graveschate |
|
20/- |
William the Smith for a messuage and 6/- land surrendered by John Stiward and Cristina |
|
15/- |
John le Chapman for a messuage and 5/- land in Linstede from his father Walter which Margaret (his mother) had in her widowhood |
|
10/- |
Walter le Ferrur for a messuage, 10 acres and 12 acres ppre. from Hugh le Smith his father. (This fine may be for land in Sutton). |
|
1318 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
40/- |
Robert atte Hurne son of William for a messuage and 6/- land from his father |
|
13/4 |
Nicholas Brouning for a messuage surrendered by John of Hadleigh. John to have a room in the house with access to it |
|
20/- |
William atte Mour for 2/- land in Linsted surrendered by William le Smith |
|
25/- |
William Stonbirde for a messuage and 2/- land in Grayshate from Richard his father |
|
1320 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
26/8 |
John de Stonelater for a messuage and 5/- land from Simon his father |
|
30/- |
Matilda widow of John le Chapman for a messuage of 5/- land and 6d ppre. in Lynstede from her husband |
|
30/- |
Roger Bacoun for the above |
|
10/- |
Alice Brette for a messuage of 4/- land from Walter her brother |
|
1324 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
20/- |
John Stonledar for 5/8 land which he recovered against John Gilberd |
|
26/8 |
John Jacob for a messuage and curtilage from Agnes his mother |
|
12d |
John Jacob for a messuage |
|
1325 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
16/8 |
John atte Felde for a messuage and 2/8 land from Edith his mother |
|
6/8 |
Roger le Baker for a messuage and 3/6 land from Walter his father |
|
33/4 |
John Hattepath for a messuage and 5/- land from Roger his father |
|
6/8 |
Roger le Baker for a messuage and 3/6 land from Walter his father |
|
36/8 |
Walter Stretchehose for a messuage and 3/- land from Robert his father |
|
26/8 |
Richard Ficks for a messuage and 3/9 land from Richard his father |
|
30/- |
Nicholas Ficks for a messuage and 7/6 land from Richard his brother |
|
1326 |
|
|
FINES |
|
|
13/4 |
Richard Graveshute for a messuage and 6/6 land from Walter his father |
|
6/8 |
Richard le Brun for Alice la Cruce and 4/8 land |
|
3/4 |
Cristina atte Hulle for a messuage and 5/2 land surrendered by Robert Chercher. This name is interesting in that it shows how one kind of surname developed. The people concerned here lived at or about Headley Hill. They were variously described as 'atte Hulle', 'atte Knowle', 'atte Churche' (the word church was usually rendered in latin). In the 14th Century these names became Hiller, Knowler and Churcher as above. The ending 'er' was added to a wide range of names such as Black – Blacker and Broke – Brooker. |
|
10/- |
Matilda daughter of Walter Chapman for a messuage and 5/6 ppre. which she recovered by right (law) from Roger Bacon, in Hetfelde |
|
2/- |
Ralph Eylef 8/- land from William his father |
|
1327 |